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| ADB |
Asian Development Bank |
| AIDS |
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
| AFB |
Acid-fast bacilli |
| AFR |
WHO African Region |
| AFR high |
Epidemiological region of high HIV prevalence countries in Africa. |
| AFR low |
Epidemiological region of low HIV prevalence countries in Africa. |
| AFRO |
WHO Regional Office for Africa |
| ALA |
American Lung Association |
| ALHI |
Adult Lung Health Initiative |
| ALM |
American Leprosy Mission |
| ALTI |
Aide au Lépreux et Tuberculeux de l ’Ituri |
| AMR |
WHO Region of the Americas |
| AMRO |
WHO Regional Office for the Americas |
| antiretroviral therapy |
Drugs for the treatment of HIV infection. |
| ARV |
Antiretroviral treatment |
| AusAID |
Australian Agency for International Development |
| AZT |
Zidovudine |
B
|
| BCG |
Bacille Calmette Guérin
(vaccination aimed at preventing severe TB in children) |
| BRAC |
Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee |
C
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| CB |
Community-based |
| CDC |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| CDR |
Case detection rate (i.e.smear-positive case detection rate, whole country) |
| CDS |
Communicable Diseases |
| CENAT |
Centre National Anti-Tuberculeux |
| CESAL |
Centro de Estudios de Solidariedad con l’America Latina |
| CIDA |
Canadian International Development Agency |
| CMV |
CytoMegaloVirus |
| COMBI |
Communication for Behavioural Impact |
| CRL |
Central reference laboratory |
D
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| DARE |
District AIDS and Reproductive Health Project (Kenya) |
| DANIDA |
Danish International Development Agency |
| DDR |
DOTS detection rate (i.e.smear-positive case detection rate under DOTS) |
| default |
Patient stopping treatment before completion. |
| DFB |
Damien Foundation Belgium |
| DFID |
Department for International Development (UK ) |
| disability-adjusted life year (DALY) |
A health gap measure that combines the time lived with disability and the time lost due to premature mortality. |
| DOTS |
DOTS is a proven approach to TB control that comprises political commitment with increased and sustained financing; case detection through quality-assured bacteriology; standardized treatment with supervision and patient support; an effective drug supply and management system; and a monitoring and evaluation system and impact measurement. Pursuing high-quality DOTS expansion and enhancement is the first component of the WHO-recommended Stop TB Strategy. |
| DOTS-Plus |
The adaptation of DOTS to respond to multidrugresistant TB. |
| drug susceptibility testing |
Determining in a culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis the anti-TB drugs that are effective against that particular sample. |
| DST |
Drug Susceptibility Testing |
| DTBE |
Division of TB Elimination (CDC) |
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| EMR |
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region |
| EMRO |
WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean |
| EPOS |
EPOS Health Consultants |
| ESP |
Essential services package |
| EU |
European Union |
| EUR |
WHO European Region |
| EURO |
WHO Regional Office for Europe |
| extrapulmonary TB |
TB affecting a part of the body other than the lungs. |
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| FDB |
Fondation Damien Belgique |
| FDC |
Fixed-dose combination |
| 2-drug FDC |
Two-drug fixed-dose combination |
| 4-drug FDC |
Four-drug fixed-dose combination |
| FEFO |
First expiry, first out |
| FHI |
Family Health International |
| FILHA |
Finnish Lung and Health Association |
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| GATB |
Global Alliance for TB Drug Development |
| GAVI |
Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization |
| GDEP |
Global DOTS Expansion Plan |
| GDF |
Global Drug Facility |
| GDP |
Gross Domestic Product |
| GFATM |
Global Fund to Fight AIDS,TB and Malaria |
| GLC |
Green Light Committee |
| Global Drug Facility |
A mechanism established as an initiative of the Stop TB Partnership to expand access to, and availability of, high-quality TB drugs to facilitate global DOTS expansion. |
| Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria |
An international health financing agency that supports interventions against these three diseases. |
| GLRA |
German Leprosy Relief Association |
| GMP |
Good Manufacturing Practice |
| GMS |
German Medical Service |
| GNP |
Gross National Product |
| GPSTB |
Global Plan to Stop TB |
| Green Light Committee |
A committee established under the Working Group on DOTSPlus for MDR-TB, which reviews applications from potential DOTS-Plus pilot projects to determine their compliance with guidelines for access to concessionally priced second-line anti-TB drugs. |
| GTRI |
Global TB Research Initiative |
| GTZ |
Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (German development agency) |
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| HAART |
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy |
| HBC |
The 22 high-burden countries accounting for approximately 80%of all new TB cases arising each year |
| HCW |
Health Care Worker |
| HIPC |
Highly Indebted Poor Countries |
| Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative |
An initiative launched in 1996 by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, which created a framework for all creditors to provide debt relief to the world's poorest and most heavily indebted countries. |
| HIV |
Human immunodeficiency virus |
| HIV-negative |
Describes a person in whom a blood test has shown the absence of antibodies against HIV. |
| HIV-positive |
Describes a person in whom a blood test has shown the presence of antibodies against HIV. |
| HIV-related TB |
TB occurring in somebody infected with HIV. |
| HIV status |
The state of being HIV-positive or HIV-negative. |
| HIV test |
A blood test for antibodies against HIV. |
| HMS |
Harvard Medical School |
| HSR |
Health Sector Reform |
| HPSP |
Health and Population Sector Programme |
| HPSSR |
Health Policy, Systems and Services Research |
| HSDP |
Health Sector Development Programme |
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| ICD |
Italian Cooperation for Development |
| IEC |
Information, Education, Communication |
| IEDC |
Infectious and Endemic Disease Control Project (China) |
| IFRC |
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies |
| IMCI |
Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses |
| IMMYC |
WHO Steering Committee on Immunology and Mycobacteria |
| incidence |
The number of new cases of a disease arising in a given period in a specified population. |
| INRUD |
International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs |
| International Standards for TB Care |
A widely accepted level of care that all practitioners should follow in dealing with patients with TB or with symptoms and signs suggestive of TB. |
| IPT |
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy |
| IUATLD |
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) |
| IVR |
Initiative for Vaccine Research |
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| JATA |
Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association |
| JFAP |
Japan Foundation for AIDS Prevention |
| JICA |
Japan International Cooperation Agency |
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| Kfw |
Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau |
| KNCV |
Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association |
| KS |
Kaposi's Sarcoma |
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| latent TB infection |
The presence in the body of tuberculosis bacilli that are dormant (usually in the lung) and not causing harm, but that may become active and cause disease. |
| LGA |
Local Government Areas |
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| MCNV |
Medical Committee Netherlands-Vietnam |
| MDR-TB |
Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis |
| Merlin |
Medical Emergancy Relief International |
| Mid-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) |
A multi-year public expenditure planning exercise, which is used to set out the future budget requirements for existing services, and to assess the resource implications of future policy changes and any new programmes. |
| Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) |
Time-bound and quantified targets for addressing various dimensions of development, adopted by world leaders at the United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000. |
| MPA |
Minimum Package of Activities |
| MPH |
Master of Public Health |
| MoH |
Ministry of Health |
| MoPH |
Ministry of Public Health |
| MRC |
Medical Research Council, National TB Research Programme, Pretoria, South Africa |
| MSF |
Médecins Sans Frontières |
| MSLI |
Massachusetts State Laboratory Institute |
| multidrug-resistant TB |
TB resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin (the two most effective anti-TB drugs). |
| mycobacterial culture |
Growth of mycobacteria in special medium in the laboratory. |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
The microorganism (a bacillus) that causes tuberculosis. |
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| NASCOP |
National AIDS/STDs Control Programme |
| NGO |
Non-Governmental Organization |
| NHC |
National Health Committee |
| LHL |
Norwegian Heart and Lung Association |
| NIAID |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease |
| NICC |
National Interagency Coordinating Committee |
| NIH |
National Institutes of Health |
| NIPER |
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India |
| NLHA |
National Lung Health Association |
| NLR |
National Leprosy Relief Association |
| NORAD |
Norwegian Agency for Development |
| NPO |
National programme officer |
| NPS |
National Prevalence Survey |
| NRL |
National Reference Laboratory |
| NTLP |
National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme |
| NTP |
National Tuberculosis Control Programme |
| NWFP |
North-West Frontier Province (Pakistan) |
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| OECD |
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development |
| OPAS |
Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (PAHO) |
| OSI |
Open Society Institute (Soros) |
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| PAHO |
Pan-American Health Organization |
| PCP |
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia |
| PHC |
Primary Health Care |
| PHRI |
Public Health Research Institute |
| PIH |
Partners in Health |
| PLWH |
People Living With HIV/AIDS |
| PMTCT |
Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission |
| Poverty Reduction Strategies |
The major instrument for national planning in low- and some middle-income countries. |
| Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) |
A document that describes a country's macroeconomic, structural and social policies and programmes to promote growth and reduce poverty, as well as associated external financing needs and major sources of financing. It is required for debt relief through the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. |
| Poverty Reduction Support Credit (PRSC) |
A mechanism that provides support for the implementation of a country's poverty reduction strategy and the associated programme of social, structural, institutional, and policy reforms. |
| Practical Approach to Lung Health (PAL) |
A comprehensive, symptom-based approach to the management of patients with respiratory symptoms within the primary health care system. |
| prevalence |
The number of cases of a disease in a defined population at a specified point of time. |
| preventive treatment |
Treatment aimed at preventing disease, e.g. isoniazid for the prevention of TB. |
| ProTEST |
WHO-coordinated initiative to Promote TESTing for HIV by increasing access to a range of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis prevention and care interventions |
| public-private mix (PPM) DOTS |
A comprehensive approach to involve all relevant health care providers (public and private) in providing effective TB services. |
| pulmonary TB |
TB affecting the lungs. |
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| QA |
Quality Assurance |
|
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| R&D |
Research and Development |
| RBM |
Roll Back Malaria |
| RIT |
Research Institute for Tuberculosis (Japan) |
| RMB |
Resource Mobilization |
| RNTCP |
Revised National TB Control Programme |
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| SANTA |
South African National TB Association |
| SAPP II |
Social Action Programme,Project II (Pakistan) |
| SBIR |
Small Business Innovative Research |
| SCC |
Standardized short-course hemotherapy |
| SEAR |
WHO South-East Asia Region |
| SEARO |
WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia |
| Sector-Wide Approach (SWAP) |
A process in which funding for a sector (whether internal or from donors) supports a single policy and expenditure programme, under government leadership, and adopting common approaches across the sector. |
| SIDA |
Swedish International Development Agency |
| SPC |
Secretariat of the Pacific Community |
| sputum smear-negative |
Absence of TB bacilli on sputum microscopy. |
| sputum smear-positive |
Presence of TB bacilli on sputum microscopy. |
| SRL |
Supranational Reference Laboratory |
| STB |
Stop TB |
| STI |
Sexually Transmitted Infection |
| Stop TB strategy |
The new WHO-recommended strategy for TB control elaborated in 2006 that encompasses and goes beyond the DOTS strategy. |
| SWAP |
Sector Wide Approach |
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| TADSA |
TB Alliance DOTS Support Association |
| TASO |
The AIDS Support Organization |
| TB |
Tuberculosis |
| TB80 |
Group of countries that together account for 80% of global TB burden |
| TBCTA |
TB Coalition for Technical Assistance |
| TBDI |
TB Diagnostic Initiative |
| TB/HIV |
The interaction between the epidemics of TB and HIV (sometimes refers to TB patients who also have HIV infection). |
| TBL |
Tuberculosis and Leprosy |
TBP:
- English |
Stop TB Partnership |
| - French |
Partenariat Halte à la Tuberculose |
| - Spanish |
Colaboradores de Alto a la Tuberculosis |
| TBVIAC |
Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative Advisory Committee |
| TDR |
Special Programme on Research and Training in Tropical Diseases |
| TLCP |
Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme |
| TLMI |
The Leprosy Mission International |
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| UNAIDS |
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS |
| UNDP |
United Nations Development Programme |
| UNICEF |
United Nations Children's Fund |
| USAID |
United States Agency for International Development |
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| VCT |
Voluntary Counselling and Testing |
|
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| WB |
World Bank |
| WG |
Working Group |
| WHO |
World Health Organiztion |
| WPR |
WHO Western Pacific Region |
| WPRO |
WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific |
| WTBD |
World TB Day (24 March) |
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